MODEL STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF SOIL NO EMISSIONS ON SURFACE OZONE     

韩志伟  胡非  张美根  朱江 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2002,(4)

The effect of soil NO emissions on surface ozone in autumn in East China has been studied byusing TCTM(Troposphere Chemical Transport Model)with the input of meteorological variablesfrom RAMS.The chemical mechanism for ozone variation caused by soil emissions has also beeninvestigated.The model results reveal that soil NO emissions are important to regional ozoneformation and distribution and the effect of soil NO emissions shows spatial inhomogeneity.Ozoneover most areas in northern China decreases with maximum average decrement reaching 5 ppbwhile it increases over most areas of central and southern China with maximum average incrementreaching 7 ppb caused by soil NO emissions.This situation of ozone variation is mainly determinedby nonlinear photochemical mechanism.For the low NOx areas(≤3 ppb),ozone increases as NOxincreases;for the high NOx areas(>3 ppb),ozone decreases as NOx increases.The effect of soilNO emissions on ozone depends on the transition value and NOx concentrations.  相似文献   

High PAN concentrations during nonsummer periods: A study of two episodes in Creteil (Paris), France     

N. Tsalkani  P. Perros  G. Toupance 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1987,5(3):291-299

The effect of sunlight on air containing hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides leads to a very complex series of reactions which form, among other secondary pollutants, peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN). This compound is believed to be the most useful indicator of photochemical pollution, and has been monitored for several months at the University of Creteil (Paris, France). Although it is commonly accepted that high PAN levels occur more frequently in summer, our results show elevated PAN concentrations during nonsummer periods, precisely during two episodes in October 1985 and February 1986. A close examination of these episodes indicates that, in addition to local photochemical production, long-range transport of polluted air masses can occur in winter, revealing the influence of emissions from central Europe.  相似文献   

Water-Soluble dicarboxylic acids, ketoacids and dicarbonyls in the atmospheric aerosols over the southern ocean and western pacific ocean   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Haobo Wang  Kimitaka Kawamura  Koji Yamazaki 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2006,53(1):43-61

Water-soluble dicarboxylic acids (DCAs), ketoacids, and α-dicarbonyls in the marine aerosol samples collected over the Southern Ocean and western Pacific Ocean were determined. Oxalic acid was the most abundant species, followed by malonic acid and then succinic acid. It is suggested that aerosol concentrations of the organics over the Southern Ocean in this work represent their global background levels. Over the Southern Ocean, total concentrations of DCAs ranged from 2.9 to 7.2 ng m⁻³ (average: 4.5 ng m⁻³), ketoacids from 0.14 to 0.40 ng m⁻³ (av.: 0.28 ng m⁻³), and dicarbonyls from 0.06 to 0.29 ng m⁻³ (av.: 0.11 ng m⁻³). Over the western Pacific, total concentrations of DCAs ranged from 1.7 to 170 ng m⁻³ (av.: 60 ng m⁻³), ketoacids from 0.08 to 5.3 ng m⁻³ (av.: 1.8 ng m⁻³), and dicarbonyls from 0.03 to 4.6 ng m⁻³ (av.: 0.95 ng m⁻³). DCAs over the western Pacific have constituted a large fraction of organic aerosols with a mean DCAs-C/TC (total carbon) of 7.0% (range: 0.59–14%). Such a high value was in contrast to the low DCAs-C/TC (av.: 1.8%; range: 0.89–4.0%) for the Southern Ocean aerosols. Based on the relative abundances and latitudinal distributions of these organics, we propose that long-range atmospheric transport is more important over the western Pacific Ocean, in contrast, in situ photochemical production is more significant over the Southern Ocean although absolute concentrations of the organics are much lower.  相似文献   

低温、干旱胁迫对抽雄期玉米叶片光化效率和光合作用速率的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

高素华  刘玲 《气象》2007,33(4):88-91

在人工模拟低温、干旱条件下，测定了抽雄期玉米叶片荧光参数（Fo、Fm、Fv／Fm）及光合作用速率。其结果表明：低温、干旱均使光化效率（Fv／Fm）、光合作用速率下降，光化效率与温度的关系：Y=0．002X^2-0．0055X＋0．8032（式中Y为光化效率，X为温度）。低温使光合作用速率下降，温度由25℃降到15℃，光合速率可下降27．8％。土壤湿度由处理5降到处理1，在不同温度下光化效率可降低1％～8％；光合作用速率最大减幅达80％左右。低温、干旱并发对光化效率和光合作用速率的负效应加大，光化效率降幅增大2．5倍，光合作用速率增大15％左右。光化效率与光合作用速率两者呈显著正相关。  相似文献   

Construction and Characterization of an Atmospheric Simulation Smog Chamber   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

武山  吕子峰  郝吉明  赵喆  李俊华 《大气科学进展》2007,24(2):250-258

Currently, air pollution in Beijing has become a complex problem with two types of source pollutants： coal smoke and photochemical smog. Furthermore the maximum hourly mean concentration of O3 increases continuously, especially in the summer. In order to simulate the photochemical reaction, develop an air quality simulation model and further improve the air quality of Beijing, a precisely temperature-controlled, indoor, smog chamber facility was designed and constructed at Tsinghua University. Characterization experiments have been carried out to acquire the basic parameters of the smog chamber, such as the wall loss rates of NO2, NO, O3, C3H6 and particulate matter （PM）, the intensity of ultraviolet （UV） light in the chamber, the reactivity of the purified air and the reproducibility of the experimental results. The results indicate that the facility performs up to specifications, and can meet the demands required for simulating the photochemical reaction. The effect of high primary contaminated PM on the formation of ozone and secondary organic aerosol （SOA） is under investigation.  相似文献   

Regional Air Quality Modelling in Canada – Applications for Policy and Real-Time Prediction     

Venkatesh  S.  Gong  W.  Kallaur  A.  Makar  P. A.  Moran  M. D.  Pabla  B.  Ro  C.  Vet  R.  Burrows  W. R.  Montpetit  R. 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(2-3):101-129

Acid rain and photochemical smog are two regionalair-quality issues that have received considerableattention in the last two decades due to their harmfuleffects. Health impacts of particulate matter (PM) inthe atmosphere is another issue of concern.Sulphur dioxide emission controls were introducedin both Canada and the U.S.A. to reduceacid-deposition-related damage. While these emissionreductions have already resulted in reduced sulphatedeposition, based on results from modelling studiesmuch of southeastern Canada is still expected toexperience damaging levels of acid deposition evenafter all currently legislated emission controls arefully implemented. Moreover, there has not been acorresponding reduction in the acidity ofprecipitation. This may be attributable to aconcurrent reduction in base-cation concentration inprecipitation.Models were also developed to understand theformation, transport and diffusion of troposphericozone. The models have been used to provide policyguidance for emission control options to reduceground-level ozone to acceptable limits. In thesummer of 1997 a Canadian pilot project was initiatedto provide real-time forecasts of ground-level ozonein the southeastern part of the province of NewBrunswick in eastern Canada.With the emergence of fine Particulate Matter(PM_2.5) as a health concern, efforts are underwayin Canada to develop a unified' regional air-qualitymodel that will address the combined impacts ofvarious pollutants in the atmosphere. In this effortthe atmosphere is viewed as a single entity where theimpacts of multiple pollutants are considered at thesame time.  相似文献   

Stable Carbon Isotope Ratios and the Photochemical Age of Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds     

A. Kornilova  M. Saccon  J. M. O'Brien  L. Huang 《大气与海洋》2015,53(1):7-13

Abstract

The dependence of ozone formation on the mixing ratios of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NO_x) has been widely studied. In addition to the atmospheric levels of VOCs and NO_x, the extent of photochemical processing of VOCs has a strong impact on ozone levels. Although methods for measuring atmospheric mixing ratios of VOCs and NO_x are well established and results of those measurements are widely available, determination of the extent of photochemical processing of VOCs, known as photochemical age (PCA), is difficult. In this article a recently developed methodology for the determination of PCA for individual compounds based on the change in their stable carbon isotope composition is used to investigate the dependence between ozone and VOC or NO_x mixing ratios at a rural site in Ontario, Canada, during fall and winter. The results show that under these conditions the variability in VOC mixing ratios is predominantly a result of the varying impact of local emissions and not a result of changes in the extent of atmospheric processing. This explains why the mixing ratio of ozone shows no systematic dependence on the mixing ratios of VOCs or NO_x in this environment and at this time of the year.  相似文献   

胡杨树干液流日变化及其与气象因素的相关关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

买尔当·克依木  玉米提·哈力克  古丽比亚·乌买尔  阿不都艾尼·阿不里 《冰川冻土》2018,40(1):166-175

选取塔里木河中游胡杨林自然保护区内不同长势和直径的六棵胡杨（Populus euphratica Oliv.）样木,利用热比率树干液流仪（SFM1）进行树干液流测定,并分析其日变化规律;同步监测各样地的气象因子,建立气象因子与树干液流速率日变化之间的逐步回归方程（Stepwise Regression Equation）,分析气象因子对胡杨树干液流的影响。研究结果如下：（1）不同长势和直径的胡杨树干液流速率差异很大,但其整个日变化过程类似,均有明显的昼夜变化规律。旺盛胡杨树干液流日变化特征呈单峰曲线,而衰弱胡杨呈双峰曲线。（2）大直径胡杨树干液流速率和日累计液流量大于小直径胡杨;长势旺盛的胡杨树干液流速率和日累计液流量均大于衰弱胡杨。各胡杨样木日累计液流量的大小排序为：旺盛大直径胡杨 > 旺盛中直径胡杨 > 衰弱大直径胡杨 > 旺盛小直径胡杨 > 衰弱中直径胡杨 > 衰弱小直径胡杨。（3）虽然胡杨各样树在长势和直径结构上有差异,但其树干液流速率日变化与气象因子的关系大致相同,均与太阳辐射、气温、风速和土壤温度呈显著正相关（P<0.05）,而与空气湿度呈显著负相关。（4）在诸多气象因子中,气温、太阳辐射和空气湿度是影响树干液流速率的主要因子。  相似文献   

水体中有色可溶性有机物的研究进展   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

张运林 《海洋湖沼通报》2006,(3):119-127

有色可溶性有机物(CDOM)是水体中一类重要的光吸收物质,在短波的吸收大大降低了紫外辐射在水体的衰减,因而其光学行为和生物地球化学循环将对水体生态系统产生重要影响。CDOM在水体生态系统、水色遥感和全球碳循环研究中具有广阔的应用前景。文章综述了国内外CDOM研究现状与动态,其中包括CDOM的光吸收特性、荧光特性、光化学降解以及CDOM和DOC浓度的水色遥感,最后提出在内陆水体湖泊中开展CDOM研究的设想。  相似文献   

基于街景数据的建成环境与街道活力时空分析——以深圳福田区为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

司睿  林姚宇  肖作鹏  叶宇 《地理科学》2021,41(9):1536-1545

建成环境对街道活力的影响是国内外城市研究的热点议题。然而,对于建成环境要素的测度与评估多偏重于二维建成环境指标,尚未充分挖掘三维建成环境指标。以深圳市福田区为例,采用街景数据、路网数据、POI数据及移动互联网位置服务数据,建立周末分时段模型,探讨商业街道和生活街道活力的时空间分布特征及建成环境对其产生的影响。结果表明：① 商业街道上居民全天活动的峰值时段为18:00~20:00,生活街道上居民全天活动的峰值时段为11:00~13:00。② 深圳市福田区街道活力总体呈现多中心结构,随时间变化显现出明显的空间差异。③ 不同的建成环境指标对街道活力的作用时段与影响程度存在差异。提高功能混合度有利于提升商业街道凌晨、上午和夜间的活力及生活街道午后和傍晚的活力;过宽的相对步行宽度对生活街道活力提升有抑制作用,更安全的步行环境对商业和生活街道夜间活力提升有促进作用;界面连续程度高的商业街道午后及夜间的活力更强,界面多样性丰富的生活街道白天活力更强。  相似文献